CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Les principaux EDI et éditeurs de texte pour R :
## [1] 5
## [1] 15
Dans ce cours nous utiliserons toujours la forme <-
par souci de consistance et aussi parce que c’est la forme la plus répandue.
## [1] 25
## [1] 47.12389
FONCTION pour lister les objets : ls()
## [1] "monObjet"
## [1] "monObjet"
## character(0)
## [1] 5
## character(0)
mesEspeces <- c("sppA", "sppB", "sppC")
mesDonnes <- c(5, 7, 8)
for(i in seq_along(mesEspeces)){
assign(
mesEspeces[i],
value = mesDonnes[i]
)
}
ls(pattern = "^spp[A-Z]$")
## [1] "sppA" "sppB" "sppC"
## [1] "D:/00__EN_COURS/FORMATION/CURSOS_DE_R_2019_IRD"
## [1] "D:/00__EN_COURS/FORMATION/CURSOS_DE_R_2019_IRD"
## [1] "_output.yaml" "00_avantDeVenir.R"
## [3] "00_buildPrez.R" "ADMIN"
## [5] "ARCHIVES" "barplot.pdf"
## [7] "biblio_LM_GLM" "CURSOS_DE_R_2019_IRD.Rproj"
## [9] "DATA" "dependent_HTML_libraries"
## [11] "inkscape.mp4" "logoGimp.png"
## [13] "logoInkscape.png" "multplot.pdf"
## [15] "multplot.png" "R00_links.html"
## [17] "R00_links.Rmd" "R010_intro.html"
## [19] "R010_intro.Rmd" "R011_intro.html"
## [21] "R011_intro.Rmd" "R012_intro.html"
## [23] "R012_intro.Rmd" "R013_intro.html"
## [25] "R013_intro.Rmd" "R014_intro.html"
## [27] "R014_intro.Rmd" "R015_intro_TD01.html"
## [29] "R015_intro_TD01.Rmd" "R016_intro_TD02.html"
## [31] "R016_intro_TD02.Rmd" "R021_statsDescrp.html"
## [33] "R021_statsDescrp.Rmd" "R031_statsSimple.html"
## [35] "R031_statsSimple.Rmd" "R032_statsSimple_TD03.html"
## [37] "R032_statsSimple_TD03.Rmd" "R033_statsSimple_TD04.html"
## [39] "R033_statsSimple_TD04.Rmd" "R034_statsSimple_TD05.html"
## [41] "R034_statsSimple_TD05.Rmd" "R041_modLin.html"
## [43] "R041_modLin.Rmd" "R051_regLin.html"
## [45] "R051_regLin.Rmd" "R052_regLin_TD06.html"
## [47] "R052_regLin_TD06.Rmd" "R053_regLinMult.html"
## [49] "R053_regLinMult.Rmd" "R054_regLin_TD07.html"
## [51] "R054_regLin_TD07.Rmd" "R055_modLin.html"
## [53] "R055_modLin.Rmd" "R061_ANCOVA.html"
## [55] "R061_ANCOVA.Rmd" "R071_ts.html"
## [57] "R071_ts.Rmd" "R081_glm.html"
## [59] "R081_glm.Rmd" "rEtEDI.png"
## [61] "reveal.css" "rTD02_1.png"
## [1] "00_avantDeVenir.R" "00_buildPrez.R"
## [1] "R00_links.Rmd" "R010_intro.Rmd"
## [3] "R011_intro.Rmd" "R012_intro.Rmd"
## [5] "R013_intro.Rmd" "R014_intro.Rmd"
## [7] "R015_intro_TD01.Rmd" "R016_intro_TD02.Rmd"
## [9] "R021_statsDescrp.Rmd" "R031_statsSimple.Rmd"
## [11] "R032_statsSimple_TD03.Rmd" "R033_statsSimple_TD04.Rmd"
## [13] "R034_statsSimple_TD05.Rmd" "R041_modLin.Rmd"
## [15] "R051_regLin.Rmd" "R052_regLin_TD06.Rmd"
## [17] "R053_regLinMult.Rmd" "R054_regLin_TD07.Rmd"
## [19] "R055_modLin.Rmd" "R061_ANCOVA.Rmd"
## [21] "R071_ts.Rmd" "R081_glm.Rmd"
## [1] "bdd.csv" "bddSept2019.csv" "dump.csv" "patronymes.csv"
## [5] "Prenoms.csv"
## Warning in file(file, "rt"): impossible d'ouvrir le fichier 'Prenoms.csv' :
## No such file or directory
## Error in file(file, "rt"): impossible d'ouvrir la connexion
## X01_prenom X02_genre X03_langage X04_frequence
## 1 aaliyah f english (modern) 0
## 2 aapeli m finnish 0
## 3 aapo m finnish 0
## 4 aaren m,f english 0
## 5 aarne m finnish 0
## 6 aarón m spanish 0
## X01_prenom X02_genre X03_langage X04_frequence
## 1 aaliyah f english (modern) 0
## 2 aapeli m finnish 0
## 3 aapo m finnish 0
## 4 aaren m,f english 0
## 5 aarne m finnish 0
## 6 aarón m spanish 0
header
nom des colonnesspe
séparateur de champsdec
séparateur de décimales?read.table()
et csv, …numeric
Par défaut R considère tous les nombres comme des nombres à virgule et leur attribue le type double
.
numeric
## [1] "double"
## [1] "double"
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
numeric
## [1] "integer"
## [1] "double"
## [1] "integer"
numeric
## [1] 5
## [1] 5
## [1] TRUE
numeric
## [1] 5
## [1] 5.426
## [1] 6
## [1] 5
numeric
dateNaissance <- as.Date("01/02/1970", format = "%d/%m/%Y")
dateAujourdhui <- Sys.Date()
age <- as.numeric(dateAujourdhui - dateNaissance)/365
print(age)
## [1] 49.73699
## [1] 49
character
(texte)## [1] "character"
character
character
factor
## [1] aaa
## Levels: aaa
## [1] "integer"
## [1] TRUE
## [1] "aaa"
factor
## [1] "aaa"
## [1] 1
logical
## [1] TRUE
## [1] "logical"
## [1] TRUE
logical
## [1] 2
## [1] 1
## [1] "TRUE"
logical
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
logical
## [1] 2
## [1] 1
## [1] TRUE
logical
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
## [1] TRUE
NA
Absence de données ou données manquantes
NA
## [1] NA
## [1] "logical"
## [1] "integer"
## [1] "character"
NA
## [1] NA
## [1] NA
## [1] NA
## [1] NA
Date
et POSIX
Pour les “dates” et les “dates et heures”
…et les packages comme lubridate ?
Date
et POSIX
Dans nos fichiers :
Date
et POSIX
?strptime
code | Valeur |
---|---|
%a | jour de la semaine (abréviation) |
%A | jour de la semaine |
%b | mois (abréviation) |
%B | mois |
%d | jour du mois (decimal) |
%j | jour de l’année (decimal) |
%m | mois (decimal) |
%y | année avec deux chiffres |
%Y | année |
%U | semaine de l’année en commençant par dimanche (decimal) |
%W | semaine de l’année en commençant par lundi (decimal) |
Date
et POSIX
?strptime
code | Valeur |
---|---|
%H | heure 24 |
%I | heure 12 |
%M | minute |
%S | seconde |
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "2018-12-27"
## [1] "2018-12-27"
## [1] "2018-12-27"
Date
et POSIX
## [1] NA
## [1] "décembre"
## [1] "French_France.1252"
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "C"
## [1] "2018-12-27"
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "2018-12-27"
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "French_France.1252"
## [1] "2018-12-27"
## [1] "2018-12-27"
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "jeudi 27 décembre 2018"
Date
et POSIX
les 30 prochains 1er mai vont tomber un :
## [1] "dimanche 2020" "mardi 2021" "mercredi 2022" "jeudi 2023"
## [5] "vendredi 2024" "dimanche 2025" "lundi 2026" "mardi 2027"
## [9] "mercredi 2028" "vendredi 2029" "samedi 2030" "dimanche 2031"
## [13] "lundi 2032" "mercredi 2033" "jeudi 2034" "vendredi 2035"
## [17] "samedi 2036" "lundi 2037" "mardi 2038" "mercredi 2039"
## [21] "jeudi 2040" "samedi 2041" "dimanche 2042" "lundi 2043"
## [25] "mardi 2044" "jeudi 2045" "vendredi 2046" "samedi 2047"
## [29] "dimanche 2048" "mardi 2049"
Date
et POSIX
: nombre de jours fériés fixesDate
et POSIX
jFeries <- gsub(
pattern = "lundi|mardi|mercredi|jeudi|vendredi",
replacement = "ouaip",
x= jFeries)
jFeries <- gsub(
pattern = "samedi|dimanche",
replacement = "ohhh",
x= jFeries)
head(jFeries)
## [1] "2020 ouaip" "2021 ouaip" "2022 ohhh" "2023 ohhh" "2024 ouaip"
## [6] "2025 ouaip"
Date
et POSIX
Date
et POSIX
Date
et POSIX
Class “POSIXct” represents the (signed) number of seconds since the beginning of 1970 (in the UTC time zone) as a numeric vector.
Date
et POSIX
## [1] "2018-12-27 17:32:45 CET"